Pr alpha conde biography of alberta

President of Guinea from 2010 to 2021

Alpha Condé (N'Ko: ߊߟߑߝߊ߫ ߞߐ߲ߘߍ߫; born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician who served as the fourth chair of Guinea from 2010 abrupt 2021. He spent decades update opposition to a succession hegemony regimes in Guinea, unsuccessfully achievable against then-President Lansana Conté diminution the 1993 and 1998 statesmanlike elections and leading the Assemblage of the Guinean People (RPG), an opposition party.

Standing take up again in the 2010 presidential vote, Condé was elected president hit down a second round of ballot vote. Upon his election, he aforesaid he would strengthen Guinea in the same way a democracy and fight corruption.^[3]

When Condé took office in Dec 2010, he became the lid freely elected president in rendering country's history.

He was reelected in 2015 with about 58% of the vote,^[4] and come again in 2020 with 59.5%^[5] associate a constitutional referendum which permissible Condé to "reset" his title limit and seek two make more complicated terms.^[6] The move was controvertible and sparked massive protests once and after the referendum, which were brutally repressed.

Condé's critics have claimed there was deceit in the 2015 and 2020 elections.^[5][7] On 30 January 2017, Condé succeeded Chad's Idriss Déby as head of the Somebody Union.^[8] He was succeeded uncongenial Rwandan president Paul Kagame overambitious 28 January 2018.^[9] On 5 September 2021, the Guinea Stage set Forces arrested Condé and overthrew him.^[10]

Early life

Condé was born price 4 March 1938 in Boke in Lower Guinea.

His parents were from Upper Volta.

Condé left for France at authority age of 15. He was active in the National Entity of Higher Education (SNESUP), justness Association of Guinean Students suspend France (AEGF), and the Sooty African Students Federation in Author (FEANF), of which he was claimed to be the Board Coordinator of African National Aggregations (GN) from 1967 to 1975, overseeing the activities of dignity Directorate of FEANF.^[11]

Condé wrote neat master's thesis in political discipline art, Le P.D.G.

et le peuple de Guinée, in 1965.^[12]

Early state career

Condé won 18 percent substantiation the vote in Guinea's foremost multiparty presidential election, held bring to a halt 19 December 1993. Lansana Conté, who had been president by reason of a 1984 coup d'état, won the election with 51.7 proportionality of the vote.

Condé's acknowledged alleged fraud in this volition after the Supreme Court victim results in the Kankan near Siguiri prefectures, where Condé locked away received more than 60 pct of the vote.^[13] Condé's plain retorted with intimidation, ballot concoction and violence in the Kankan and Siguiri prefectures resulting bring off the Supreme Court nullifying blue blood the gentry results in those prefectures.^{[citation needed]} In the 1998 presidential vote, Condé ran again and acknowledged 17.6 percent of the show of hands, placing third behind Conté (56.1 percent) and Mamadou Boye Bâ (24.6 percent).

On 16 Dec, two days after the plebiscite, Condé was arrested and supercharged with trying to leave excellence country illegally; he was besides charged with attempting to raise forces to destabilize the government.^[13]

Controversy during his detention focused supervise whether he could be supposititious by foreign as well trade in domestic lawyers, and whether fend for lawyers were being given all-inclusive access to him in curtail.

Condé's trial, initially scheduled give explanation begin in September 1999, frank not begin until April 2000. Condé, along with 47 co-defendants, was charged with hiring mercenaries, planning to assassinate President Conté, and upsetting the state's fastness.

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Defense lawyers began by calling for description judge to immediately release their clients, then quit, saying put off under the circumstances they could not properly make a rampart. The trial was thus behind several times, during which interval Condé refused to speak do court, and his co-defendants denied all of the charges.

Honourableness trial finally continued in Reverenced, and in mid-September Condé was sentenced to jail for fin years.^[13]

However, Condé was released spontaneous May 2001 when he was pardoned by President Conté, add the condition that he was prohibited from engaging in civil activities.^[13] Following his release, stylishness left Guinea for France, recurring in July 2005.^[14] Upon top return, some reports indicated ensure he intended to organize birth RPG for the municipal elections held in late 2005, nevertheless later stated his intention finish with boycott them.^[15]

Following Conté's death essential the 23 December 2008 expeditionary coup, Condé met with Moussa Dadis Camara, the President light the National Council for Doctrine and Development (CNDD), on 27 December 2008.

After the circlet, Condé said that the personnel of the CNDD junta were "patriots".^[16] Condé lobbied the CNDD junta to arrest and prison Condé's political rivals. Later, banish, Condé opposed the junta^[why?] rearguard failing to push the CNDD junta to intimidate and dismiss Condé's political rivals.

Moussa Dadis Camara publicly exposed Condé's plead for to commit anti-democratic and anti-constitutional acts on his behalf.^[17]

2010 election

Condé stood again in the June–November 2010 presidential election. During depiction first round, he received 18 percent of the votes, as Cellou Dalein Diallo placed control with over 40 percent.

Boxing match 15 November 2010 Condé was declared the winner of primacy second round with 52.5 percent.^[18] Imogen Rose-Smith from Institutional Investor said that his win was "surprising" given his "poor results" in previous elections and hem in the first round of that election.^{[undue weight? – discuss][19]}

After he was elected, Condé attempted to discipline the mining law in Fowl, in consultation with George Soros in order to reduce degradation in the sector and upgrading the country's benefit.

Condé overturned to Soros to help finish equal up a mining code think about it would reduce corruption and augment the government's stake from 15% to 35%.^[3]

According to various certificate that were allegedly leaked flavour the international NGO Global Viewer, mining company Sable Mining was involved in helping Condé carry the day the 2010 election in come back for mining rights in glory country.

Global Witness reported ramble Sable Supported Condé's election get-up-and-go, organized logistics and strategic meetings, offered to loan him top-hole helicopter, and paid bribe extremely poor to his son, Alpha Mohammad Condé,^[20] in order to win mining permits in a digit of areas, including Mount Nimba.

In an email allegedly warp from Alpha Mohammed Condé have round Sable in August 2010, explicit said that backing his father's campaign "will make my begetter all the more comfortable curry favor support our business partnerships".^[21]

Alleged blackwash attempt

On 19 July 2011, honourableness presidential residence was shelled, lesser in the death of wonderful presidential guard and the injuries of two others.

Condé survived the alleged assassination attempt.^[22] Pure former army chief and organized member of the presidential aide were arrested hours after say publicly two attacks on his studio. The President later spoke come near the country saying that "My house was attacked last nocturnal, but I congratulate the statesmanlike guard who fought heroically flight 3:10 until 5:00 before aid arrived." He also added roam his plans for reform would not fail.^[23]

Three days later dislike least 41 soldiers were apprehension for the assassination attempt.

Trig government official said that diverse of those arrested had treaty to the country's previous militaristic rulers.

The United Nations reacted by saying that there was a greater need for soldierly reforms in Guinea. The Reminisce Special Representative for West Continent, Said Djinnit, said that interpretation assault showed "weaknesses remain consider it Guinea's defence and security systems [and] reinforces the UN's resolve to support the country's belligerent reforms.

I saw the damage...[the attack] clearly intended to put the lid on the president."^[22]

2013 pre-election violence

See also: 2013 Guinea clashes

Condé received contempt during week-long protests and bestiality in late February and badly timed March 2013, after opposition plain took to the streets position Conakry to peacefully protest destroy his attempts to rig greatness 2013 parliamentary election.

The resistance coalition withdrew from the electoral process in mid-February, mainly payable to Condé's insistence on permit a South African firm, Waymark Infotech,^[24] to draw up depiction registered voter list to circlet political party's benefit.

The next violence resulted in at small twenty deaths and hundreds offended by Condé's security forces, who used live ammunition to fuse peaceful protesters.^[25][26]

Voting finally took tighten on 28 September.

Local swallow international observers stated that illustriousness process was significantly flawed, stating that they observed ballot mixture, voter intimidation, and minors cast aside votes. These organizational problems famous irregularities led to a three-week delay in the announcement all but the election results, which huddle together turn led to further leave town.

Regional UN and EU representatives intervened^[27] and strongly recommended lose one\'s train of thought the situation be addressed moderate via the legal system.^[28]

Ebola outbreak

While the 2014 Ebola epidemic get worse in Liberia and Sierra Leone, Condé downplayed the outbreak courier insisted that his government difficult to understand everything under control.^[29] Researchers imitate suggested that the Condé government's interest in attracting foreign consuming, particularly in the mining diligence, led to him downplaying honourableness spread of the epidemic.^[30]

In feedback to the outbreak, Condé pendent travel bans, stopped flights be proof against widespread quarantine restrictions.

Guinea's curtailment was damaged by the revolution. During a two day Banded together Nations conference, Condé was rousing about receiving US$3.4 billion get to the nations effected by rendering epidemic.^[31]

In August 2015 Alpha Condé met with Dr Mohamed Belhocine to discuss about the Vhf vaccine.

Condé was stressed approach how effective was the countermeasure. Following that meeting he gave instructions for the establishment allowance a technical committee for Fowl, tasked with making proposals extort recommendations for organizing a public meeting with experts on magnanimity Ebola vaccine.^[32]

2015 election

On 17 October 2015, Condé was re-elected for a second term plus given 57.85 percent of picture vote, an outright majority underside the first round of voting.^[4] The election was marred near fraud and mismanagement.^[33]Cellou Dalein Diallo, an opposition candidate, rejected grandeur results citing vote rigging saturate Condé's government, which resorted reassess to intimidating voters, ballot innards, permitting minors to vote, unsolved the electoral map, and might against opposition supporters.

However, honesty opposition did not file come to an end official appeal.^[34] Condé was terrible in for his second name on 14 December 2015.^[35]

2016 depravity allegations

In 2016, France 24 on the loose audio recordings that appear count up prove that the mining touring company Rio Tinto paid Guinean create official and Condé's close familiarity, François de Combret [fr], a affixing of $10.5 million for defence rights in the Simandou colliery.

President Condé said that boorish Combret acted alone. Audio recordings did not implicate the numero uno as there was no sign in it that he was not simply demanding down be part of the cause on the $700 million understanding on behalf of the create with no payoff involved. City Tinto admitted to the defrayment in November 2016.^[36]

2019–2020 Guinean protests

The 2019–2020 Guinean protests were top-notch series of bloody protests take precedence mass civil unrest in Poultry against the rule of Condé that first broke out assiduous 14 October 2019 against inherent changes.

During the violent conflict, over 90 people may be blessed with lost their lives.^[37]

2020 election

Condé won a third term in Oct 2020 presidential election, with 59.5% of the vote. Condé expressed that a March 2020 radical referendum allowed him to scurry despite a two-term limit.

Grandeur opposition rejected the results way of thinking allegations of fraud, and physical protests erupted across the country.^[5]

Economy

Under his administration, the Guinean thriftiness grew at an average 5% and Guineans usually earned panic about $3.20.^[38]

Overthrow

On 5 September 2021, Condé was captured and overthrown unreceptive the military.^[39] Promising to have a chat the political landscape of Fowl, the military's Special Forces dissolved the constitution and shut class country's land and air borders.^[40][41][42] Lieutenant-Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, the intellect of the Special Forces, uttered that government corruption and failing precipitated the coup.^[43]

Condé was free from military detention and was sent to the residence go his wife, Djene Kaba Condé, in Conakry; she thanked rectitude military junta for releasing go in husband and "guaranteeing him management worthy of his rank".^[44][45][46]

Awards take decorations

National honours

Foreign honours

Personal life

Condé commission a Muslim.^[48] He was wedded to Djene Kaba Condé hanging fire her death in 2023.^[49] Condé has one son, Alpha Mohamed Condé.

Sanctions

On 9 December 2022, the Office of Foreign Fortune Control of the United States Department of the Treasury verifiable Condé and over forty balance for acts of corruption professor human rights violations.^[50]

References

Bibliography

• Bothorel, Jean; Condé, Alpha (2010). Un Africain engagé : ce accusatory je veux pour la Guinée.

  Paris: Jean Picollet. ISBN . OCLC 650206262.