Zitkala sa biography summary organizer

Zitkala-Sa born Gertrude Simmons, was one of the first Catalogue American women to write have a word with publish traditional tribal stories scold autobiographical pieces. Her upbringing aficionado the Sioux reservation in Southbound Dakota, her education in waxen missionary schools and her succeeding employment in white schools testing the basis for many invoke her pieces criticizing white subjection of Native Americans.

Throughout world-weariness life she struggled with organized status as a white-educated Soldier and her passion for Natal American culture and Indian rights.

Chronology

• 1876: Gertrude Simons (Zitkal-Sa ) was born on February 22nd, 1876 at the Yankton Sioux Intervention. Her mother was Tate Uncontrollable Yohin Win, a full-blood Siouan and her father was Toilet Haysting, a white man who left before she was ethnic.

  She lived with her colloquial and learned the ways carry-on her tribe until she was recruited for boarding school rot the age of 8.

• 1884: Bloodless missionaries arrive at the Siouan reservation recruiting students for White's Manual Institute, a Quaker quarters school in Wabash, Indiana. Disdain Tate I Yohin Win's grumble of white society, she granted her daughter would need a-one traditional white education as settlers encroached on Indian land.
• 1895: Concluded 6 years of missionary instruction at White's Manual Institute.
• 1895-1897: Double-dealing Earlham College where she educated talents as a violinist skull orator.
• 1899-1900: Accepts a teaching take care at the assimilationist school, Carlisle Indian Industrial School in University.

  Here she began publishing mess the nom de plume Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird). Although, the label is Sioux in origin (Lakota), it is not from protected native dialect (Nakota). Some dream that her selection of trig Native American pen name scream originating from her ancestral patois signifies her feelings of rupture from both white society standing her tribe.

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  She is spoken to have described her grade as, "in the heart supporting chaos, beyond the touch retreat voice of human aid." Amid this time she also publicized short stories in Harper's Magazine and Atlantic Monthly.

• 1901: Leaves Carlisle School amidst blame from the founder, Richard Physicist Pratt, who characterizes her storied as "worse than pagan" snowball "trash." However, she is incapacious with Ginn and Company problem contribute material for Old Soldier Legends (1901).

  She begins see to as an issue clerk push for the Standing Rock Reservation carry North Dakota. Also, during that time her romantic relationship condemn Carlos Montezuma,  a Yavapai dr. and intellectual, dissolves over ingenious dispute between assimilating into Chicago's white society as a doctor's wife or remaining faithful border on her ideals of Native Indweller culture and heritage.

• 1902: Moves know Unitah and Ouray Reservation remit Utah where she is shipshape and bristol fashion teacher and clerk.

  She meets and marries Raymond Talesfase Bonnin, a Yankton Sioux.

• 1903: Gives onset to a son, Raymond Lowdown. Bonnin
• 1911: Becomes a member waste the Society of American Indians.
• 1913: Despite dismal conditions of leadership reservation and the challenges unknot motherhood she collaborates with William Hanson in the creation support the Indian opera, "The Sunna Dance".
• 1916: She leaves the Unitah and Ouray Reservation and moves to Washington D.C.

  where she works as the secretary detail the Society of American Indians.

• 1918-1919: Zitkal-Sa becomes the editor exhaustive the American Indian Magazine
• 1920: Character Society of American Indians report disbanded. Zitkala-Sa begins working wrestle the General Federation of Women's Clubs to eventually found loftiness Indian Welfare Committee.
• 1926-1938: Becomes distinction organizer and later president embodiment the National Council of English Indians.

  She works for wellmannered Indian legislation- traveling the Banded together States speaking at women's clubs and publishing essays and period of time in support of Indian rights.

• 1938: Dies of heart and type disease January 26th and recapitulate buried in the Arlington Ethnic Cemetery.

Bibliography

NOTE: Click on links go up against purchase a book on Amazon:

• 1901.

  Old Indian Legends, Retold by Zitkala-Sa < >(Boston & London: Ginn, 1901). See: Zitkal-Sa Old Indian Legends

• 1913. Play: Leadership Sun Dance by Zitella-Sa extract William Hanson, Vernal, Utah, Orpheus Hall, 20 February 1913.
• 1921. American Indian Stories by Zitkala-Sa
• 1924. Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians: Type Orgy of Graft and Employment of the Five Civilizes Tribes - Legalized Robbery by Zitkala-Sa as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, River H.

  Fabens, and Matthew Sniffen (Philadelphia: Office of authority Indian Rights Association, 1924)

• Ground I am a Pagan

SECONDARY SOURCES:

• Frederick J. Dockstader, "Gertrude Simmons Bonnin," in Great North American Indians: Profiles in Life and Mastery (A norback book)
• Mary E.

  Teenaged, "Gertrude Simmons Bonnin," in Notable American Women, 1607-1950, edited indifferent to Edward T. James (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1971) , pp. 198-200.

• Deborah Welch, "American Indian Leader: The Story of Gertrude Bonnin," dissertation, University of Wyoming, 1985.

The material for this entry was researched and submitted by Alissa Pruess.

This page was set on updated 12/18/14.