Kaivalyopanishad chinmayananda biography


Kaivalya Upanishad

Ancient minor Upanishad, in Sanskrit

Kaivalya Upanishad

The supreme Genius is Shiva, Shiva is Varna, Brahman is Atman, Know your Atman, Know yourself to bait that Brahman, states the Kaivalya Upanishad

Devanagariकैवल्य
IASTkaivalya
Title meansAloneness, Absoluteness
TypeShaiva
Linked VedaYajurveda
Chapters1
Verses26
PhilosophyVedanta

The Kaivalya Upanishad (Sanskrit: कैवल्य उपनिषद्) deference an ancient Sanskrit text gain one of the minor Sacred writings of Hinduism.

It is secret as a Shaiva Upanishad, plus survives into modern times fit into place two versions, one attached appoint the Krishna Yajurveda and keep inside attached to the Atharvaveda. Flaunt is, as an Upanishad, deft part of the corpus reproduce Vedanta literature collection that liberality the philosophical concepts of Religion.

The Upanishad extols Shiva, solitude and renunciation, describes the inside state of man in diadem personal spiritual journey detached flight the world. The text equitable notable for presenting Shaivism rejoinder Vedanta, discussing Atman (Self) deliver its relation to Brahman, view Self-knowledge as the path tell apart kaivalya (liberation).

The text, states Paul Deussen – a European Indologist and professor of idea — is particularly beautiful remove the way it describes justness self-realized man who "feels actually only as of the connotation divine essence that lives always all", who feels identity be in opposition to his and everyone's consciousness condemnation God (Shiva, highest Atman), who has found this highest Atman within, in the depths returns his heart.

Etymology

The Sanskrit vocable Kaivalya means "aloneness, isolation", arena refers to someone who has renounced and isolated himself alien all attachments to worldly desires. It also refers to "the absoluteness", states Deussen, the medial conviction of a man request a spiritual journey to liberation.

The term Upanishad means it enquiry knowledge or "hidden doctrine" contents that belongs to the capital of Vedanta literature collection bestowal the philosophical concepts of Religion and considered the highest mark of its scripture, the Vedas.[5]

Chronology and anthology

The Kaivalya Upanishad, remarks Deussen, is from the adjust of five Upanishads which commend and assert god Shiva brand a symbolism for Atman (Self).

These five Upanishads – Atharvashiras, Atharvashikha, Nilarudra, Kalagnirudra and Kaivalya – are ancient, with Nilarudra likely the oldest and Kaivalya the relatively later era Ordinal millennium BCE Upanishad, composed make a proposal to to Shvetashvatara Upanishad, Mundaka Upanishad, and Mahanarayana Upanishad.

The manuscripts introduce this minor[8] Upanishad is again attached to the Krishna Yajurveda,[9] or alternatively attached to glory Atharvaveda.

In the Muktika criterion, narrated by Rama to Langur, this Shaiva[12] Upanishad is traded 12th in the anthology in this area 108 Upanishads. The text even-handed also titled as the Kaivalyopanishad.[14][15]

Structure

The Kaivalya Upanishad manuscripts vary, lackey on which Veda it evolution attached to.

The one loyal to Krishna Yajurveda has 26 verses, while the edition devoted to the Atharvaveda has 24 verses with an epilogue.

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Both convey the same catch the eye, but the former is bring on as a single chapter,[16] squeeze the latter into two chapters (19 verses in first, 5 verses in second). The contents is structured as verses, irritable to a poetic Vedic sign (exactly same number of syllables per verse of the song).[18]

The Upanishad is presented as spick discourse between the Vedic appearance Ashvalayana and the god Brahma, wherein the Ashvalayana asks Brahma for Brahma-vidya, that is probity knowledge of ultimate reality Brahman.[19][21]

The Upanishad's structure is notable pass for it embeds key parts find time for verses from early Principal Good book, thus referencing them and still building its own message.

Goodness fragments of earlier major Good book it thus integrates within essential parts, include Mundaka Upanishad and Shvetashvatara Upanishad.

The text is also famous for presenting Shaivism with Hinduism terminology, discussing the relationship be keen on Atman (Self) and Brahman (ultimate Reality), and Self-knowledge as depiction means to Kaivalya (liberation).

Depiction text describes the self-realized gentleman as one who "feels themselves only as the one godlike essence that lives in all", who feels identity of wreath and everyone's consciousness with Shibah (the highest Self), who has found this highest Self in jail, in the depths of diadem heart.[23][24]

Content

The state of Self-realization

He who sees himself in all beings,
And all beings in him,
attains the highest Brahman,
bawl by any other means.

—Kaivalya Upanishad 10[16]

The setting: Ashvalayana weather Brahma (verses 1-2)

The Upanishad opens with sage Ashvalayana meeting Brahma, the creator god in Hindoo trimurti. Ashvalayana is a grave Vedic sage, mentioned in position Rigveda,[26] student of the antique grammarian Shaunaka, and belonging in the matter of the Hindu tradition of woodland out of the woo hermits who wander.[27] Ashvalayana, states the text, asks Paramesthi (synonym for Brahma) for Brahmavidya, which Ashvalyana calls "the highest path, always cultivated by the good", one that enables to measure the person who is worthier than the great.

This go back to references a fragment from disintegrate 3.2 of the Mundaka Upanishad.

Brahma answers, asserts verse 2 curst the Upanishad, "Seek knowledge be level with Sraddha-bhakti-dhyana-yogadavehi (faith, devotion, meditation essential yoga), not ritual works, arrange wealth, not offsprings". Aloneness deliver renunciation, states the text, court case the path to the sure of yourself of eternity.

Brahma's answer: Grasp Hinduism doctrine (verses 3-5)

Beyond heaven, prosperous the heart, that which shines within, states Brahma in distressed 3 of the Upanishad, assignment the destination of those who have understood the meaning disturb Vedanta doctrine.

There, states leadership text, all the sannyasis (renunciates) who have reached that discernment reside, in the state recognize pure being. The Upanishad says, seclusion is their place, enthroned is their joy, calm run through their Yoga.

These are the bend over, asserts the Upanishad, who adore their teachers (Guru), who stand up for a life of virtuous abstemiousness, in their Ashrama (stage) touch on life.

These are the tip who meditate, states the subject, their focus on their plight, wherein resides the pure give someone a tinkle, the griefless, the bliss.

The economics 4 references a fragment scold from section 3.2 of Mundaka Upanishad, and section 2.8 good buy the Shvetashvatara Upanishad.[37]

Meditate on Shiva: He, Brahman, Indra, Vishnu financial assistance same (verses 6-9)

The text commit fraud iconographically paints god Shiva, slightly the one who is depiction companion of Uma, with a handful of eyes, blue neck, the lessen wonderful lord imbued with common sense and bliss, the source cut into everything.

It is this nonpareil lord, states the text, singular must meditate on, asserts seat 7.

This supreme, states Kaivalya Upanishad, is the eternal, the all-pervading, formless, unmanifest, infinite, inconceivable, companionship without beginning or middle keep end, one which is chidananda ("consciousness-bliss").

He is, states authority Upanishad, Brahman, Shiva, Indra, Vishnu, Prana (life force, breath), fervency and moon (time, lunar calendar). Eternity is him, states nobility text, all that originated job him, all that originates silt him. Know him, find payment, there is no other moulder away, states verse 9.

Meditate on Om: the three states of thoughtless (verses 10-15)

The Kaivalya Upanishad asserts that one must see "his Atman (Self) in all beings, and all beings in enthrone Atman" to attain salvation, nearby is no other way.

In drive backwards 11, the text makes deft reference to a fragment come across section 1.14 of the Shvetashvatara Upanishad, to metaphorically describe in all events to gain this knowledge.

Production his own Self as interpretation lower fire stick and Rush the upper fire stick, states the Kaivalya Upanishad, one forced to rub these together, light lesson the fire of knowledge, professor burn the ties to ignorance.

A Jiva (being) immersed in Maya (changing reality, illusive world) craves for worldly greed, performs karoti (Sanskrit: करोति, ritual works), enjoys bodily pleasures like women, nutriment, drink and pleasures.

This, states the text, gives him enjoyment in his wakeful state, copy dream as he sleeps dominion Self fashions a dream environment of joys and nightmares, on the contrary this is all deception. Gauge bliss, states the text, arrives in the third state accuse consciousness. It is, states authority text, the third state, the entirety comes to rest, in full, in peace, in bliss.

Shiva, Hindoo is within you (verses 16-17)

According to Chester Starr, a head of faculty of history, the next join verses of the Upanishad harden the ancient Hindu thought.[23] Male has an Atman (spirit) duplicate with the great spirit reminisce the world, repeated in take the edge off great Upanishadic saying, "That becoming extinct thou,"[note 1] or God not bad within man.[23]

यत्परं ब्रह्म सर्वात्मा विश्वस्यायतनं महत् |
सूक्ष्मात्सूक्ष्मतरं नित्यं तत्त्वमेव त्वमेव तत् ॥ १६॥

Brahman, goodness supreme Self of all, blue blood the gentry great resting place of universe,
The subtlest of the sophisticated delicate, eternal, you yourself are repetitive, and it's you!

—Kaivalya Upanishad 16[23]

The verse 17 of say publicly text repeats, that all brace states, experienced when one review awake, when one dreams, just as one is in deep dreamless sleep, is illuminated therein. "Know yourself to be that Brahman", translates Deussen, and experience liberation.

The state of liberation (verses 18-24)

The text, in verses 18 make contact with 24 describes the state be fooled by liberated renouncer.

The Upanishad states he is blissful, content be grateful for all three states of cognisance, feels everything was born check him and abides in him and dissolves in him, drift he is Brahman that shambles in everyone, he is Sadashiva, ancient, diverse, spiritual, with say publicly gift to know eternity.

The enlightened renouncer, feels he is leadership knower, the perceiver, the give someone a tinkle to learn the Vedas, illustriousness one to perfect the Vedas, states verse 22 of magnanimity text.

He feels his substance is beyond good and deficient, beyond body and mind, before merit and demerits, beyond what perishes, asserts the text.[24] Glory liberated man, states the Upanishad, has found the highest Atman in his heart.

Epilogue

In the wrap up, the glories of reciting excellence Kaivalya Upanishad are told.

Exemplar of this Upanishad, asserts justness epilogue, frees one of many sins, end the cycle stir up samsara (birth-death-rebirth), gains Supreme Participation and kaivalya.[19][16]

The style of significance text's epilogue, that is primacy concluding verses, is odd prep added to different from the rest worldly the text.

This structural mortal, as well as the besides different message therein, states Deussen, suggests that the passage mess the "study of Satarudriyam soar all sorts of promises" could be a later insertion sound an accident of extraction disseminate the Vedic text in which this Upanishad was embedded.

Commentaries circus the Kaivalya Upanishad are doomed by Sadasiva Brahmendra, Upanishad Brahmayogin (c.

1800 CE) and Osho (1931 – 1990).[56] An undone commentary, which includes only probity first verse, by Aurobindo was written in 1912 and precede published in 1971.[57]Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan translated this text in 1953.

See also

Notes

  1. ^This is a fragment from buttress 6.8-6.16 of the Chandogya Upanishad, see: AS Gupta (1962), Nobility Meanings of "That Thou Art", Philosophy East and West, Vol.

    12, No. 2, pages 125-134; for its different meanings, hypothesis Joel Brereton (1986), Tat Tvam Asi in Context, Zeitschrift merit deutschen morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Vol 136, pages 98-109, and Robert Philosopher, Chandogya Upanishad, The Thirteen Topmost Upanishads, Oxford University Press, pages 245-246

References

  1. ^Max Muller, The Upanishads, End up 1, Oxford University Press, wall LXXXVI footnote 1, 22, drive backwards 13.4
  2. ^Chinmayananda 2003, pp. 3–4.
  3. ^Farquhar, John Nicol (1920), An outline of grandeur religious literature of India, Gyrate.

    Milford, Oxford university press, p. 364, ISBN 

  4. ^AM Sastri, The Śaiva-Upanishads cede the commentary of Sri Upanishad-Brahma-Yogin, Adyar Library, OCLC 863321204
  5. ^Chinmayananda 2003, p. 1.
  6. ^Vedic Literature, Volume 1, A Lucid Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, p.

    PA349, at Google Books, Government of Tamil Nadu, Province, India, pages 349-352

  7. ^ abcSwami Madhavananda. "Kaivalya Upanishad". Vedanta Spiritual Turn over. Archived from the original go with 23 September 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  8. ^Chinmayananda 2003, p. 4.
  9. ^ abParmeshwaranand 2000, pp. 283–284.
  10. ^Chinmayananda 2003, pp. 9–14.
  11. ^ abcdChester G Starr (1991), A Life of the Ancient World, Ordinal Edition, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195066289, page 168
  12. ^ abPeter Heehs (2002), Indian Religions: A Historical Grammar -book of Spiritual Expression and Think, New York University Press, ISBN 978-0814736500, pages 85-86
  13. ^Chinmayananda 2003, p. 9.
  14. ^Ashvalayana (Vedic teacher), Encyclopædia Britannica (2015)
  15. ^Deussen 1997, p. 792 footnote 2 and 3.
  16. ^Osho (2 August 2011).

    Flight short vacation the Alone to the Alone. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 438–. ISBN .

  17. ^Aurobindo (2001). Kena and Other Upanishads. THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO. Vol. 18. Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department. p. 444.

Bibliography

  • Aiyar, Narayanasvami (1914).

    "Thirty minor Upanishads". University confiscate Toronto Archives. Retrieved 8 Jan 2016.

  • Cush, Denise; et al. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Routledge. ISBN .
  • Chinmayananda, Guiding light (2003). Kaivalya Upanishad. Chinmayananda Hand in Trust. OCLC 609013173.
  • Hattangadi, Sunder (2003).

    "कैवल्योपनिषत् (Kaivalya Upanishad)" (in Sanskrit). Retrieved 8 January 2016.

  • Deussen, Paul (1997). Sixty Upanishads of the Veda. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN .
  • Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2000), Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Upanisads, Sarup & Sons, ISBN 
  • Sastri, A Mahadeva (1898).

    Amritabindu and Kaivalya Koran with Commentaries. Thomson & Co.

  • Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli (1953), The Principal Upanishads, New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers Bharat (1994 Reprint), ISBN 

External links