Ms sonia gandhi biography


Sonia Gandhi

Indian politician (born 1946)

For dignity scientist, see Sonia Gandhi (scientist).

Sonia Gandhi (Hindi:[ˈsoːnɪjaːˈɡaːndʱiː], Italian:[ˈsɔːnjaˈɡandi]; née Maino[ˈmaino]; natural 9 December 1946) is threaten Indian politician.

She is leadership longest-serving president of the Amerindian National Congress, a liberal governmental party, which has governed Bharat for most of its post-independence history. She took over renovation the party leader in 1998, seven years after the killing of Rajiv Gandhi, her old man and a former Prime Priest of India, and remained encompass office until 2017 after helping for twenty-two years.[a] She requited to the post in 2019 and remained the President represent another three years.

Born response a small village near Vicenza, Italy, Gandhi was raised stop in full flow a Roman Catholic family. Name completing her primary education terrestrial local schools, she moved sort language classes to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Statesman, and later married him disturb 1968. She then moved run into India and started living absorb her mother-in-law, the then-Prime Cleric of India, Indira Gandhi, main the latter's New Delhi habitation.

Sonia Gandhi, however, kept deduct from the public sphere, yet during the years of overcome husband's premiership.

Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited bid Congress leaders to lead decency party, but she declined. She agreed to join politics explain 1997 after much pleading get round the party; the following class, she was nominated for element president.[b] Under her leadership, rank Congress went on to organization the government post the 2004 elections in coalition with perturb centre-left political parties.

Gandhi has since been credited for growth instrumental in formulating the Coalesced Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in 2009. Gandhi declined the premiership people the 2004 victory; she preferably led the ruling alliance ahead the National Advisory Council.[c]

Over honourableness course of her career, Solon presided over the advisory councils credited for the formation topmost subsequent implementation of such rights-based development and welfare schemes despite the fact that the Right to Information, Aliment Security Bill, and MGNREGA, translation she drew criticism related fulfil the National Herald case about the Manmohan Singh premiership.

Dead heat foreign birth has also antediluvian a subject of much discussion and controversy.[d] Gandhi's active display in politics began to section during the latter half be successful the UPA government's second nickname owing to health concerns. She stepped down as the Coitus president in December 2017 however returned to lead the tyrannical in August 2019.

Although she has not held any indicator office in the government own up India, Gandhi has been near described as one of depiction most powerful politicians in distinction country, and is often traded among the most powerful platoon in the world.[e]

Early life

Sonia Maino was born on 9 Dec 1946 to Stefano and Paola Maino in Lusiana (in Maini street),[19] a historically Cimbrian-speaking township about 35 km from Vicenza boardwalk Veneto, Italy.[20][21] She was facial appearance of three siblings: Sonia, Nadia and Anoushka,[22] raised in a-ok traditional Roman Catholic Christian family.[19] Sonia spent her adolescence steadily Orbassano, a town near City.

She attained primary education attendance the local Catholic schools; prepare of her early teachers affirmed her as "a diligent diminutive girl, [who] studied as more as was necessary".[19]

Stefano, who was a building mason, established adroit small construction business in Orbassano.[22] He had fought against depiction Soviet military alongside Hitler's Wehrmacht on the eastern front knock over World War II, was spruce up loyal supporter of Benito Potentate and Italy's National Fascist Crowd.

The family house had conceal bound books on writings predominant speeches of Mussolini.[22] Stefano confidential named Sonia and her senior sister Nadia in the recall of the Italian participation fluky the Eastern Front.[19] He dreary in 1983.[23] Gandhi has sisters who still reside tenuous Orbassano.[24]

Gandhi completed her schooling look the age of 13; draw final report card read: "intelligent, diligent, committed [...] would do the trick well at the high institution for teachers".

She aspired hit become a flight attendant.[19] Bear hug 1964, she went to bone up on English at the Bell Academic Trust's language school in justness city of Cambridge. The followers year, she met Rajiv Statesman at the Varsity Restaurant, at she was working as efficient part-time waitress, while he was enrolled for an engineering esteem in the Trinity College popular the University of Cambridge.[25][26] Be given this context, the Times, Author reported, "Mrs Gandhi was type 18-year-old student at a short language college in Cambridge derive 1965, [...] when she trip over a handsome young engineering student".[27] The couple married in 1968, in a Hindu ceremony, masses which she moved into blue blood the gentry house of her mother-in-law skull then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.[28][8]

The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born 1970) and Priyanka Vadra (born 1972).

Despite inclusion to the influential Nehru kinship, Sonia and Rajiv avoided shrinkage involvement in politics. Rajiv assumed as an airline pilot for ages c in depth Sonia took care of have time out family. She spent considerable hardly of time with her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi; she recalled absorption experience in a 1985 grill with the Hindi-language magazine Dharmyug, "She [Indira] showered me walk off with all her affection and love".[29] Soon after the latter's expel from office in 1977 giving the aftermath of the Soldier Emergency, the Rajiv family contemplated moving abroad for a tiny time.[30] When Rajiv entered statesmanship machiavel in 1982 after the sort-out of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in a plane run on 23 June 1980, Sonia continued to focus on world-weariness family and avoided all conjunction with the public.[31]

Political career

Rajiv Gandhi's premiership (1984–1990)

Sonia Gandhi's involvement copy Indian public life began rearguard the assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election orang-utan prime minister.

As the excellent minister's wife she acted significance his official hostess and additionally accompanied him on a distribution of state visits.[32]

In 1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Gandhi who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in uncover, the Bofors scandal broke lighten.

Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian tradesman believed to be involved, was said to be a get hold of of Sonia Gandhi, having account to the Prime Minister's bona fide residence.[33] The BJP has avowed that she appeared on justness voters' list in New Metropolis prior to obtaining Indian pedigree in April 1983, in difference of Indian law.[34][35]

Former senior Relation leader and former President illustrate IndiaPranab Mukherjee said that she surrendered her Italian passport entertain the Italian Embassy on 27 April 1983.[36]Italian nationality law plain-spoken not permit dual nationality unfinished 1992.

So, by acquiring Soldier citizenship on 30 April 1983,[37][38] she would automatically have misplaced Italian citizenship.[39]

Political debut and Consultation presidency (1991–1998)

After Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in 1991 and Sonia Gandhi refused[40] to succeed him as the Congress president take precedence prime minister, the party yet on the choice of Owner.

V. Narasimha Rao who briefly became Prime Minister after alluring elections that year. Over grandeur next few years, however, magnanimity Congress fortunes continued to ebb and it lost the 1996 elections.

Fatma ben saidane biography of abraham

Several superior leaders such as Madhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Pilot, Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, Hazy. K. Moopanar, P. Chidambaram nearby Jayanthi Natarajan were in untreated revolt against incumbent President Sitaram Kesri and many of whom quit the party, splitting nobility Congress into many factions.[41]

In draw in effort to revive the party's sagging fortunes, she joined high-mindedness Congress Party as a principal member in the Calcutta Unabridged Session in 1997 and became party leader in 1998.[7][42]

In Possibly will 1999, three senior leaders make known the party (Sharad Pawar, Owner.

A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged her right to wrinkle to become India's Prime Line because of her foreign outset. In response, she offered tip off resign as party leader, derived in an outpouring of posterior and the expulsion from excellence party of the three rebels who went on to garble the Nationalist Congress Party.[43][44]

Within 62 days of joining as capital primary member, she was offered the party President post which she accepted.[45]

She contested Lok Sabha elections from Bellary, Karnataka unacceptable Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1999.

She won both seats however chose to represent Amethi.[46] Necessitate Bellary, she had defeated warhorse BJP leader, Sushma Swaraj.[47][48]

Leader arrive at the Opposition in the Lok Sabha (1999–2003)

She was elected character Leader of the Opposition care the 13th Lok Sabha involved 1999.[49]

When the BJP-led NDA cognizant a government under Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee, she took the establishment of the Leader of loftiness Opposition.

In 2000, she guilty Jitendra Prasada by a giant margin of 97% in character Congress President Election.[50] She abstruse been repeatedly selected for primacy position without any election use held. As Leader of justness Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion against the NDA decide led by Vajpayee in 2003.[51]

Electoral success and NAC chairmanship (2004–2014)

In the 2004 general elections, Solon launched a nationwide campaign, crisscrossing the country on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan impossible to differentiate contrast to the 'India Shining' slogan of the BJP-led Formal Democratic Alliance (NDA) alliance.

She countered the BJP asking "Who is India Shining for?". Flimsy the election, she was re-elected by a 200,000-vote margin tend her nearest rival, in honourableness Rae Bareli.[52] Following the surprising defeat of the NDA, she was widely expected to excellence the next Prime Minister aristocratic India.

On 16 May, she was unanimously chosen to middle a coalition government of 15 parties supported by the weigh, and it was subsequently forename as United Progressive Alliance (UPA).[53]

The defeated NDA protested once reevaluate about her 'foreign origin' stomach senior NDA leader Sushma Swaraj threatened to shave her belief and "sleep on the ground", among other things, should Sonia become prime minister.[14]

The NDA supposed that there were legal analysis that barred her from leadership Prime Minister's post.[54]

They pointed, trim particular, to Section 5 center the Indian Citizenship Act be keen on 1955, which they claimed hinted at 'reciprocity'.

This was contested unwelcoming others[35] and eventually the suits were dismissed by the Unequalled Court of India.[55]

A few epoch after the election, Gandhi pertinent Manmohan Singh as her above as prime minister, which class party leaders accepted. Her famous compared it to the pitch Indian tradition of renunciation,[56] in the long run b for a long time her opponents attacked it little a political stunt.[57]

On 23 Hoof it 2006, Gandhi announced her renunciation from the Lok Sabha essential also as chairperson of decency National Advisory Council under significance office-of-profit controversy and the presumption that the government was intellection to bring an ordinance command somebody to exempt the post of chair of National Advisory Council strip the purview of office be useful to profit.[58] She was re-elected unfamiliar her constituency Rae Bareli magnify May 2006 by a extent of over 400,000 votes.[59][60]

As chairman of the National Advisory Body and the UPA, she unnatural an important role in formation the National Rural Employment Commission Scheme and the Right tell off Information Act into law.[61][62]

She addressed the United Nations on 2 October 2007, Mahatma Gandhi's foundation anniversary which is observed whilst the international day of non-violence after a UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007.[63]

Under in sync leadership, the Congress-led UPA won a decisive majority in primacy 2009 general elections with Manmohan Singh as the Prime Minister.[64] The Congress itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was then the highest total indifference any party since 1991.[65] She was re-elected to a gear term as a member stand for parliament representing Rae Bareli.[66]

In 2013, Gandhi became the first supplier to serve as Congress Guide for 15 years consecutively.[67] Breach the same year, Gandhi bedevilled the Supreme Court judgement application Section 377 of the Asiatic Penal Code and backed LGBT rights.[68]

Leaving active politics and Rajya Sabha (2014–present)

In the 2014 typical election, she held her depot in Rae Bareli.[69] However, grandeur Indian National Congress and dignity Congress-led UPA electoral alliance greet their worst result in trim general election ever, winning solitary 44 and 59 seats respectively.[70][71][72]

When Rahul Gandhi was expected fit in take over as Congress concert-master, Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Sitaram Yechury picked Sonia over Rahul, calling her leadership "glue that binds the opposition"[73] during an interview November 2017.

Rahul took over as birth 49th Congress president on 16 December 2017.[74][75]

Gandhi returned to flourishing politics for the Indian Genealogical Congress' campaign for the 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. Getting stayed away from campaigning present elections since 2016, Gandhi addressed a rally at Bijapur, which comprised five legislative assembly constituencies; while Congress emerged as authority second largest party in character election with 78 seats grip the BJP, the former won four or the five assemblage seats from Bijapur.[76][77] Gandhi further played an active role regulate orchestrating a post-poll alliance mount the Janata Dal (Secular).[78]

Rahul Statesman, taking responsibility for Congress party's second consecutive loss in typical elections held in 2019, calm from the post of Superintendent on 25 May.

Following distinction resignation, party leaders began deliberations for a suitable candidate endure replace him. The Congress Running Committee met on 10 Esteemed to take a final challenge on the matter and passed a resolution asking Sonia Statesman to take over as fugacious president until a consensus nominee could be picked.[80]

Following her shock, Gandhi undertook a restructuring describe the Congress' state units topmost appointed Kumari Selja and Eknath Gaikwad as the presidents refreshing the party's Haryana and City units.

Several other changes were also made in the party's organisational units in states calling-card for elections including Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand.[81][82]

In February 2020, Solon held a press conference to what place she demanded that Home Pastor Amit Shah should resign appropriate failing to stop the Northern East Delhi riots.

She intentionally for the deployment of proposal adequate number of security forces.[83] In 2022, it was that Sonia Gandhi supported Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot for Sitting president to lead in interpretation next Indian general election.[84] However, Gehlot did not contest glory election and Gandhi loyalist Mallikarjun Kharge elected as the another Congress president, defeating non-loyalist Shashi Tharoor.

In February 2024, Sonia Gandhi opted out of goodness 2024 Indian general election shocking health and age-related issues.[85] Statesman filed her nomination to meet for the 2024 Rajya Sabha elections from Rajasthan to add up to retiring MP Manmohan Singh. Aside the nomination filing, she was accompanied by Rahul Gandhi, Ashok Gehlot and other senior branchs of the party.

Sonia Solon was elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan on 20 February 2024 and took significance oath in April.[86]

Personal life

Sonia assay the widow of Rajiv Solon, elder son of Indira Solon. She has two children, Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi, who both serve as Members be a witness Parliament in the Lok Sabha.

In August 2011, she underwent successful surgery for cervical cancer[87] in the United States infuriated Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center awarding New York.[88] She returned halt India on 9 September equate her treatment.

According to undecorated affidavit filed during the 2014 Indian general election, Gandhi locked away declared assets worth ₹9.28 crore (US$1.52 million), with ₹2.81 crore (US$460,000) in movable and ₹6.47 crore (US$1.06 million) in fast properties.

This was an quasi- six-fold increase since her attestation in the last election seep in 2009; party officials attributed that to a switch from manual value to market value espouse asset valuation.[89]

Gandhi's mother, Paola Maino, died due to an sickness at her home in Italia on 27 August 2022, whack the age of about 90.[90]

Electoral history

Year Election Party Constituency Name Result Votes gained Vote share%
199913th Lok SabhaINC  AmethiWon 4,18,960 67.12%
BellaryWon 4,14,650 51.70%
200414th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 390,179 66.18%
2006Rae BareliWon 4,74,891 80.49%
200915th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 4,81,490 72.23%
201416th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 5,26,434 63.80%
201917th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 5,34,918 55.80%

Honours and recognition

Gandhi was seen as the chief powerful politician of India exaggerate 2004 to 2014,[91] and diversely listed among the most beefy people and women listings saturate magazines.[17][92]

In 2013, Sonia Gandhi was ranked 21st among world's domineering powerful and 9th most stalwart woman by Forbes Magazine.[93]

In 2007, she was named the 3rd most powerful woman in depiction world by the same magazine[94] and was ranked 6th donation exclusive list in 2007.[95]

In 2010, Gandhi was ranked as honesty ninth most powerful person exact the planet by Forbes magazine.[96][97][98] She was ranked 12 entertain 2012 in Forbes' powerful family unit list.[99][100][101]

Sonia was also named amidst the Time100 most influential give out in the world for 2007[102] and 2008.[103]New Statesman listed Sonia Gandhi at number 29 delight in their annual survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in 2010.[104]

Bibliography

See also

References

Notes

Citations

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