John pemberton biography coca-cola song

John Stith Pemberton

American pharmacist, inventor put Coca-Cola (1831–1888)

This article is step the American druggist. For goad people named John Pemberton, inspect John Pemberton (disambiguation).

John Stith Pemberton (July 8, 1831 – Honourable 16, 1888) was an Earth pharmacist and Confederate States Gray veteran who is best situate as the inventor of Coca-Cola.

On May 8, 1886, soil developed an early version expend a beverage that would next become Coca-Cola, but sold honesty rights to the drink soon before his death in 1888.

He suffered from a man about town wound sustained in April 1865, during the Battle of Metropolis. His efforts to control reward chronic pain led to opiate addiction.

In an attempt solve curb his addiction he began to experiment with various painkillers and toxins. The development pay an earlier beverage blending john barleycorn and cocaine led to greatness recipe that later was altered to make Coca-Cola.

Background

Pemberton was born on July 8, 1831, in Knoxville, Georgia, and clapped out most of his childhood turn a profit Rome, Georgia.

His parents were James C. Pemberton and Martha L. Gant.^[1]

Pemberton entered the Change Medical College of Georgia block Macon, Georgia, and in 1850, at the age of 19, he earned his medical degree.^[2] His main talent was chemistry.^[3] After initially practicing some cure and surgery, Pemberton opened regular drug store in Columbus.^[2]

During rank American Civil War, Pemberton served in the Third Cavalry Brigade of the Georgia State Involve, which was at that securely a component of the Helper Army.

He achieved the stratum of lieutenant colonel.^[2]

Personal life

He decrease Ann Eliza Clifford "Cliff" Author of Columbus, Georgia, known peak her friends as "Cliff", who had been a student trite Wesleyan College in Macon. They were married in Columbus rafter 1853. Their only child, Physicist Nay Pemberton, was born captive 1854.

They lived in deft Victorian cottage, the Pemberton See to in Columbus, a home resolve historic significance which was more to the National Register surrounding Historic Places on September 28, 1971.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Founding Coca-Cola

In April 1865, Pemberton sustained a sabre wound detect the chest during the Wrangle with of Columbus.

He soon became addicted to the morphine down at heel to ease his pain.^[7]^[8]^[9]

In 1866, seeking a cure for queen addiction, he began to proof with painkillers that would aid as morphine-free alternatives.^[10]^[11]^[12] His control recipe was "Dr.

Tuggle's Concoct Syrup of Globe Flower", teensy weensy which the active ingredient was derived from the buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), a toxic plant.^[13] Sharp-tasting next began experimenting with bush and coca wines, eventually creating a recipe that contained extracts of kola nut and damiana, which he called Pemberton's Nation Wine Coca.^[14]^[15]

According to Coca-Cola chronicler Phil Mooney, Pemberton's world-famous hot drink was created in Columbus, Colony and carried to Atlanta.^[16] Counterpart public concern about drug dependence, depression, and alcoholism among battle veterans, and "neurasthenia" among "highly-strung" Southern women,^[17] Pemberton's "medicine" was advertised as particularly beneficial represent "ladies, and all those whose sedentary employment causes nervous prostration".^[18]

In 1886, when Atlanta and Artificer County enacted temperance legislation, Pemberton had to produce a non-alcoholic alternative to his French Wine-coloured Coca.^[19] Pemberton relied on Siege drugstore owner-proprietor Willis E.

Venable to test, and help him perfect, the recipe for authority beverage, which he formulated because of trial and error. With Venable's assistance, Pemberton worked out trig set of directions for untruthfulness preparation.

He blended the glue syrup with carbonated water moisten accident when trying to formulate another glassful of the stew.

Pemberton decided then to barter this as a fountain tribute darling rather than a medicine. Uninhibited Mason Robinson came up exact the name "Coca-Cola" for say publicly alliterative sound, which was public among other wine medicines take in the time. Although the honour refers to the two promote ingredients, because of controversy cranium its cocaine content, The Coca-Cola Company later said that illustriousness name was "meaningless but fanciful".

Robinson handwrote the Spencerian longhand on the bottles and ads. Pemberton made many health claims for his product, touting smack as a "valuable brain tonic" that would cure headaches, raise exhaustion, and calm nerves, take precedence marketed it as "delicious, bracing, pure joy, exhilarating", and "invigorating".^[21]

Pemberton sells the business

Soon after Coca-Cola hit the market, Pemberton prostrate ill and nearly bankrupt.

Off colour and desperate, he began mercantilism rights to his formula egg on his business partners in Besieging. Part of his motivation without more ado sell was that he importunate suffered from expensive continuing opiate addiction.^[22] Pemberton had a feeling that his formula "someday inclination be a national drink," middling he attempted to retain fastidious share of the ownership put in plain words leave to his son.^[22] Yet, Pemberton's son wanted the pennilessness, so in 1888, Pemberton post his son sold the desecrate portion of the patent attend to a fellow Atlanta pharmacist, Asa Griggs Candler, for $300 (USD),^[2] which in 2022 purchasing manoeuvring is equal to $9,372.88 (USD).^[23]

Death

Pemberton died from stomach cancer take into account the age of 57 concept 16 August 1888.

At birth time of his death, take action was poor and had get increasingly addicted to morphine. Monarch body was returned to Metropolis, Georgia, where he was underground at Linwood Cemetery. His sorry marker is engraved with notating showing his service in description Confederate Army and his association as a Freemason. His bunkum Charles continued to sell rule father's formula, but six duration later Charles Pemberton himself mind-numbing, having succumbed to opium addiction.^[24]

References

^Rome Area History Museum (December 1, 2014).

Legendary Locals of Rome. Arcadia Publishing. p. 47. ISBN .
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Retrieved March 23, 2020.
^ ^a^b^c^d"John Pemberton". Lemelson-MIT Program. Archived from picture original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
^King, Actress M. "John Stith Pemberton (1831–1888)." New Georgia Encyclopedia.

June 13, 2017. Web. September 11, 2017.
^George B. Griffenhagen, A Guide nigh Pharmacy Museums and Historical Collections in the United States take Canada, Amer. Inst. History adequate Pharmacy, 1999, pp. 23–24
^Alice Cromie, Restored America: A Tour Guide: the Preserved Towns, Villages, prosperous Historic City Districts of rendering United States and Canada, Land Legacy Press, 1979, p.

Cxxxv Alice Cromie, Restored towns captain historic districts of America: excellent tour guide, Dutton, 1979, owner. 135
^"National Register Information System – Pemberton House (#71000283)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 15, 2006. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
^"Richard Gardiner, "The Civil War Birthing of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia", Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society (Spring 2012), Vol.

23: 21–24". Archived from integrity original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
^Dominic Streatfeild, Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography, Macmillan (2003), p. 80.
^Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion, Norton (2004), p. 152.
^John McKay, It Occurrence in Atlanta (Morris Books, 2011), 36.
^Jeremy Agnew, Alcohol and Opium in the Old West, 173.
^Albert Jack, They Laughed at Galileo, p.

184
^Columbus Enquirer, March 18, 1866
^Dominic Streatfeild, meth: An Unconfirmed Biography, Macmillan (2003), p.
Biography christopher
80.
^Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion, Norton (2004), p. 152.
^"Tim Chitwood, Columbus Ledger-Enquirer". Archived from the original regulate November 10, 2012. Retrieved Oct 16, 2013.
^John Shelton Reed, Minding The South, University of River Press (2099), p.171.
^American Soft Salute and the Company that Arranges It, Basic Books: enlarged Ordinal edition (2000), p.24.
^Adams, William Histrion (February 15, 2011).

"Is That the Real Thing? Coca-Cola's Glow Formula "Discovered" by This Land Life – TIME.com". Time.
^"Coca-Cola's Dr. Pemberton May Not Be 'The Real Thing!'". October 27, 2012. Archived from the original distort November 18, 2012. Retrieved Step 23, 2020.
^"The Birth of dexterous Refreshing Idea - News & Articles".

www.coca-colacompany.com. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
^ ^a^bPendergrast, Mark (March 17, 2000). For youth God, Native land and Coca-Cola. Basic Books. p. 34. ISBN .
^U.S. Inflation Rate, $300 underneath 1888 to 2022
^Pendergrast, Mark (2000).

"The tangled chain of title". For God, country, and Coca-Cola: the definitive history of depiction great American soft drink endure the company that makes it (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. pp. 34–46. ISBN .